Ramalina Farinacea

Day 192: Lichens have been around for a long time. Obviously, they were preceded by algae, fungi and yeasts because all three are components of the structures we now call lichens, but they were already well established when herbivorous dinosaurs went looking for snacks. Many lichens reproduce both sexually and asexually, a factor which gives them a distinct leg up as to their survival capabilities. Sexual reproduction draws genetic material from two sources, mingling DNA to form new individuals. Asexual reproduction clones the parent material, i.e., the DNA of the new lichen is the same as that of the original. Ramalina farinacea rarely develops apothecia, the fruiting bodies which contain the spores necessary to sexual reproduction, but the margins of its lobes are often heavily populated with elliptical soralia containing hundreds of soredia, its vegetative clones. The soralia are quite obvious in the photo of a fresh specimen on the left. Can you spot them, still holding thousands of green and viable soredia, on the dried-up specimen on the right? Although the parent body is dead, it has the potential to live on in copies of itself. Barring a mass extinction of all life on the planet, I'm betting lichens will be around long after H. sap. has died off.

Ramalina Farinacea, Sorediate Margins

Day 76: Lichen terminology can be very confusing even for botanists because certain structures have no counterpart in the physiology of vascular plants. My readers will have heard me use the term "soredia/soredium" for a specific type of vegetative propagule generated by some lichens, and they may also recall having read the word "soralia." Soralia are where soredia are produced. They manifest as small patches where the lichen cortex ("skin") has cracked or broken down. The emerging soredia often have a granular appearance and lack any cortex; soredia are one of the parent lichen's means of reproducing. In the inset, you can see the soralia/soredia along the margins of this fine specimen of Ramalina farinacea from Ohop Valley. Many lichens have more than one reproductive strategy to ensure their survival as species. Some are capable of reproducing both sexually and asexually. On the whole, lichens are atonishingly successful in the natural scheme. They were here long before humankind, and unless we pollute them out of existence, they will endure long after evidence of our brief passage has faded from the surface of the Earth.

Tee Garden

Day 49: We all know that the game of golf originated in Scotland, right? And Scotland is very like the Pacific Northwest in climate, i.e., damp and rather grey. Although I don't know this for a fact, I would guess that it has an abundance of lichens, and surely among them you could find a number of representatives of the Cladonias. It's a whimsical thought to be sure, but imagine if you will a kilted clansman about to place his leathern ball on the green. His head turns. He's spotted a narrow stalk topped with a cup-shaped form of the exact size to hold the ball. History is made as our redoubtable Scot nestles his gamepiece into the bowl of a specimen of Cladonia fimbriata where it is held securely until he pelts it mightily with his blackthorn and sends it sailing into a gorse thicket, there to remain until the final days of Planet Earth.

I found the mother of all tee gardens on my Nisqually Land Trust beat today. I'd stopped by Ohop Valley to check on the trees we planted a few weeks ago and was delighted to see that a second crew had been in to place protective plastic sleeves around each one. A piece of rotten fence drew my attention, and when I looked up from the single specimen I had just photographed growing on its length, I noticed another rail, its sunward vertical side bearing hundreds of C. fimibriata podetia. I removed one single example to bring home in order to confirm my identification (inset shows the finely farinose soredia), and although it was spongy at the time I picked it, two hours later it had dried to the point that it felt wooden. It was still too flexible to be used as a golf tee but rigid enough to inspire speculation as to the origin of the device. Aye, an' 'tis not so unreasonable to think, eh?